目的：随着纳米技术的发展，纳米材料种类越来越多，应用越来越广泛，使得人们有可能通过各种途径接触到纳米材料。因此，纳米材料对人类和环境的安全性问题也成为人们关注的焦点。纳米铜作为一种常见的纳米材料，目前被广泛应用于生物医学、农业及消费品领域。基于此，对人类来说生活中存在许多潜在的纳米铜的暴露途径，而纳米铜的安全性问题尤为重要。众多不同细胞系和动物模型的研究均表明纳米铜具有毒性。为明确纳米铜对人体健康及环境安全造成的影响及其机制，对相关文献进行综述。方法：选择纳米铜毒性作用及有关机制的国内外相关文献进行综述。结果:研究表明纳米铜对机体不同器官及系统，例如肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、神经系统等均会造成毒性作用，而纳米铜毒性机制主要就是激活氧化应激途径和诱导炎症反应的发生。结论：本文综述了纳米铜导致体内与体外毒性的研究现状，讨论了纳米铜毒性作用的广泛机制，指出了现有的研究空白，并提出了今后的研究方向。
【Abstract】 Objective: Along with the development of nanotechnology, there are more and more kinds of nanometer materials, which are widely used in many fields. Meanwhile, there are many ways that people can be exposed into nanoparticles. Therefore, a new problem has turned to the focus of our attention, which is the safety of the nanomaterials to the human and environment. Nanosized copper particles (nano-Cu), one of the common nanoparticles, are widely used in biomedical applications and consumer products. Based on these, there are many potential exposure routes of nano-Cu to human for realist city. Therefore, the safety issue of nano-Cu is very important. This article reviews the related literature to clarify the association of nano-Cu with the health and environmental safety and related mechanism. Methods: The articles on the association of the toxic effects of nano copper and related mechanisms were reviewed. Results: Studies showed that nano-Cu caused toxicity in different organs and systems, such as liver, kidney, spleen, nervous system, and so on. Meanwhile, the main mechanism of toxicity is to the activation of oxidative stress pathway and the development of inflammation. Conclusion: Several in vivo and in vitro studies showed the toxicity of nano-Cu in different cell lines and animal models. In this article, we review the strategies available for evaluation of toxicity of nano-Cu, discuss the extensive mechanism of toxic effect of nano-Cu, and suggest future directions for this research.
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