摘要：以氯酸盐/高氯酸盐热分解为主的应急供氧技术化学产氧器（Chemical oxygen generators，COG）在潜艇、矿井救援、航空航天等密闭场景具有广泛应用。系统分析了化学核心中氯酸盐或高氯酸盐的分解过程和分解机理，重点探讨了氧源以外其他功能组分对主分解反应的多组分协同与调控作用，并进一步从制备工艺、组分配比、反应环境控制等不同工艺维度上分析了对化学核心的反应效率与产氧稳定性的影响规律。为后续高性能化学产氧器的结构设计、组分优化及工程化研制提供了理论支撑与技术参考。
Abstract In the field of chemical oxygen supply technology for
emergency scenarios, chemical oxygen generators (COGs) based on the thermal
decomposition of chlorates/perchlorates have been widely applied in enclosed
environments such as submarine emergency oxygen supply, mine rescue life
support, and aviation and aerospace. This review systematically analyzed the
decomposition process and mechanism of chlorates or perchlorates in the
chemical core, with a focus on investigating the multi-component synergy and
regulatory effects of other functional components (excluding the oxygen source)
on the main decomposition reaction. Furthermore, from different process
perspectives including preparation technology, component ratio, and reaction
environment control, the influence laws of these process parameters on the
reaction efficiency and oxygen production stability of the chemical core were
analyzed. This review provides theoretical support and technical references for
the structural design, component optimization, and engineering development of
high-performance chemical oxygen generators in subsequent studies.
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