储罐氮封技术在油品储存安全与质量保护中的应用研究

　　

摘要：油品在长期储存过程中易受空气中氧气作用而发生氧化变质，同时油气挥发既造成经济损失又带来火灾爆炸风险。储罐氮封技术通过在储罐气相空间充入惰性氮气并维持微正压，隔绝油品与空气接触，是兼顾储存安全与质量保护的重要工程手段。本文阐述了氮封技术的工作原理与系统组成，以92号车用汽油为研究对象，考察了供氮压力、储存周期等关键参数对气相氧含量、油品氧化安定性（实际胶质、诱导期）、蒸发损耗及储罐安全性的影响。结果表明：当供氮压力维持在0.8～1.0kPa时，气相空间氧体积分数可由20.9%降至1.0%以下，远低于汽油蒸气的极限氧含量（约11.6%），有效消除燃爆条件；储存90d后氮封油品实际胶质仅3.5mg/(100mL)，较常规内浮顶罐降低约64%；月蒸发损耗率由0.42%降至0.08%，VOCs减排率达81.3%。以3000m³储罐计，氮封改造投资回收期约1.8a，安全性、经济性与环保效益显著，适合在油品储运行业推广应用。

关键词：储罐氮封；油品储存；化工安全；氧化安定性；蒸发损耗

Application of Nitrogen Blanketing Technology in Oil Storage Safety and Quality Protection

Abstract: Oil products are prone to oxidative deterioration during long-term storage due to oxygen in the air, while the evaporation of oil vapour causes economic loss and fire-explosion risk. Nitrogen blanketing maintains a slight positive pressure of inert nitrogen in the tank vapour space to isolate the oil from air, providing a means of both safety and quality protection. Using No.92 gasoline as the subject, the effects of nitrogen supply pressure and storage period on vapour-space oxygen content, oxidation stability (existent gum, induction period), evaporation loss and tank safety were investigated. The results show that at a supply pressure of 0.8–1.0 kPa the oxygen volume fraction drops from 20.9% to below 1.0%, far lower than the limiting oxygen concentration of gasoline vapour (about 11.6%), eliminating the explosion condition. After 90 d storage the existent gum of blanketed gasoline is only 3.5 mg/(100 mL), about 64% lower than a conventional internal floating-roof tank; the monthly evaporation loss drops from 0.42% to 0.08% with a VOCs reduction of 81.3%. The payback period of the retrofit is about 1.8 a, showing remarkable safety, economic and environmental benefits.

Key words: nitrogen blanketing; oil storage; chemical safety; oxidation stability; evaporation loss

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