
摘 要 2013年9月至2014年2月期间,利用环境空气多金属在线监测仪对重庆大气中PM2.5的23种金属元素进行了连续采样,对比分析了霾日(HD)与非霾日(NHD)金属元素的污染特征。结果表明,雾霾天气下PM2.5和其中的18种金属元素浓度较正常天气均有升高,其中K、Fe、Ca、Zn、Pb、Mn、Ba、As为PM2.5中的主要无机污染物。重庆市灰霾期间秋、冬季主要金属浓度分别是非灰霾期的1.4~2.3倍和1.9~5.8倍。因子分析结果表明重庆市霾日PM2.5中金属主要来源于土壤风沙、施工和道路扬尘,冶金化工,汽车尾气,燃煤燃油。其中Pb、Zn、As、Ba等富集因子最大,大部分来自人为排放。
关键词 重庆 霾 PM2.5 金属元素 来源
Abstract A continuous measurement of 23 metals was been performed from September 2013 to February 2014 in Chongqing to obtain PM2.5. Comparativing analysis pollution characteristics of these elements during the hazy (HD) and non-hazy (NHD) days. PM2.5 and 18 kinds of metal elements in HD has increased than normal weather. The main contribution of PM2.5 were K, Fe, Ca, Zn, Pb, Mn, Ba and As. The autumn, winter principal mental concentration on the hazy days were 1.4~2.3 and 1.9~5.8 times higher than those on non-hazy days. Enrichment factor(EF) analysis for the main elements showed that metal components from anthropogenic origins (Pb, Zn, As and Ba) were highly enriched in PM2.5, especially in hazy days. Factor analysis of futher disclosed that PM2.5 in Chongqing in hazy days mainly derived from soil dusts, emissions from construction industries, metallurgic emissions, and the combustion of fossil fuel. The maximum enrichment factor of Pb, Zn, As, Ba, etc.are moslty from anthropogenic emissions.
Key words Chongqing;haze;PM2.5;metal;origins
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